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William S. Burroughs.

William S. Burroughs — Painter
Born St. Louis, United States
Died Lawrence, United States
Citizenship United States
Would Be 112 yr If Living

21 min read

Reading time

4,062

Words

Published

62

Film credits

98

Books

2

Awards

TL;DR

William S. Burroughs, born in St. Louis in 1914, became a seminal Beat Generation writer best known for his novel Naked Lunch, which was prosecuted for obscenity in Massachusetts until the state Supreme Court overturned the ban in 1966. He shot and killed his wife Joan in 1951 in a notorious incident. Burroughs acted in films such as Drugstore Cowboy and influenced punk and industrial music.

Identity & family.

KIN · 5

Names, aliases, and relatives of William S. Burroughs — birth name, kin, and personal ties.

Nicknames Il hombre invisible, Bill
Aliases William Burroughs, William Lee
PARENTS
Laura Hammond Lee Burroughs Mortimer P. Burroughs
SPOUSES
Ilse Herzfeld Klapper Joan Vollmer
CHILDREN
William S. Burroughs Jr.

At a glance.

STATS

William S. Burroughs by the numbers — life, work, and family.

83 Years lived
62 Film credits
98 Books
2 Awards
2 Marriages
1 Child

Who was William S. Burroughs?

BIOGRAPHY

William S. Burroughs — early life, career, personal life, and legacy.

Early life

In 1937, while studying medicine in Germany, William S. Burroughs married Ilse Herzfeld Klapper so she could escape Nazi persecution, a pattern of unconventional decisions that defined his life. He had grown up in St. Louis as the heir to the Burroughs Adding Machine fortune, attending John Burroughs School and later Harvard University, graduating in 1936. Despite his patrician background, he rebelled inwardly against upper-class expectations, dressing in three-piece suits but seeking out New York’s demimonde.

After leaving Germany without completing his medical studies, Burroughs drifted through jobs, including as an exterminator in Chicago. There he met Lucien Carr and David Kammerer, and through them, Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, setting the stage for his transformation into a writer.

Career

Jack Kerouac first urged Burroughs to write, and they collaborated on a novel titled And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks in the 1940s. Burroughs did not publish until age 39, when his autobiographical novel Junkie appeared under the pseudonym William Lee in 1953. His masterpiece Naked Lunch, assembled from drug-fueled fragments written in Mexico City and Tangiers, was published in Paris in 1959 and quickly became notorious for its graphic content. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts prosecuted the book as obscene, but in 1966 the state Supreme Court reversed the ban, ruling it was not without social value.

Burroughs developed the cut-up writing technique with Brion Gysin in the 1960s. He later acted in films including Drugstore Cowboy 1989 and Even Cowgirls Get the Blues 1994, and collaborated with musicians like Kurt Cobain and Ministry.

Personal life

In 1951, while living in Mexico City with his second wife Joan Vollmer, a drunk Burroughs shot and killed her in an alleged William Tell accident. He fled to Tangiers, Morocco, where he lived for many years, avoiding legal consequences and relying on a family trust fund. He had one son, William S. Burroughs Jr., from his marriage to Joan. Earlier, in 1937, he had married Ilse Herzfeld Klapper in a marriage of convenience to help her escape Nazi Germany; they remained friends but never lived together and divorced in 1946. Burroughs was homosexual in an extremely homophobic age, a fact that influenced his life and work.

Legacy

Burroughs’ influence extends beyond literature into music and film. His cut-up technique inspired artists like David Bowie and Kurt Cobain, with whom he collaborated on the EP The Priest They Called Him. He received the Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres and later the Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres from France. His novel Naked Lunch remains a landmark of modern literature, and his life was dramatized in the 1991 film adaptation. His unflinching exploration of addiction, control, and the human condition defines his legacy.

Filmography.

FILMS · 62

Browse the complete filmography of William S. Burroughs — every film, TV show, and documentary credit, ranked by popularity.

  1. TV Poster for Saturday Night Live

    Saturday Night Live

  2. TV Poster for Adventure Time

    Adventure Time

  3. Movie Poster for Drugstore Cowboy

    Drugstore Cowboy

  4. Movie Poster for Twister

    Twister

  5. Movie Poster for Even Cowgirls Get the Blues

    Even Cowgirls Get the Blues

  6. Movie Poster for Bloodhounds of Broadway

    Bloodhounds of Broadway

  7. Movie Poster for This Is Buzz

    This Is Buzz

  8. Movie Poster for The Book of Life

    The Book of Life

  9. Movie Poster for Decoder

    Decoder

  10. Movie Poster for Take Your Pills

    Take Your Pills

  11. Movie Poster for Wanderlust

    Wanderlust

  12. Movie Poster for The Source

    The Source

  13. Movie Poster for For No Good Reason

    For No Good Reason

  14. Movie Poster for Heavy Petting

    Heavy Petting

Awards & honors.

AWARDS · 2

Every award, honor, and recognition received by William S. Burroughs — Grammys, hall-of-fame inductions, civic honors, lifetime achievements.

  • Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres
  • Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres

Bibliography.

BOOKS · 98

William S. Burroughs's bibliography — every authored, edited, and co-written book, ranked by edition count.

  1. Cover for Naked Lunch

    Naked Lunch

    by William S. Burroughs et al.

  2. Cover for Junky

    Junky

    by William S. Burroughs et al.

  3. Cover for Nova Express

    Nova Express

    by William S. Burroughs

  4. Cover for Queer

    Queer

    by William S. Burroughs et al.

  5. Cover for Cities of the Red Night

    Cities of the Red Night

    by William S. Burroughs

  6. Cover for Exterminator! a Novel

    Exterminator! a Novel

    by William S. Burroughs

  7. Cover for The Soft Machine

    The Soft Machine

    by William S. Burroughs

  8. Cover for The Ticket That Exploded

    The Ticket That Exploded

    by William S. Burroughs

  9. Cover for And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks

    And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks

    by William S. Burroughs et al.

  10. Cover for Blade Runner

    Blade Runner

    by William S. Burroughs et al.

  11. Cover for Dead Fingers Talk

    Dead Fingers Talk

    by William S. Burroughs

  12. Cover for The Wild Boys

    The Wild Boys

    by William S. Burroughs

  13. Cover for The Place of Dead Roads

    The Place of Dead Roads

    by William S. Burroughs

  14. Cover for The Last Words of Dutch Schultz

    The Last Words of Dutch Schultz

    by William S. Burroughs

Notable quotes.

QUOTES · 46

A wall of memorable lines from William S. Burroughs — lyrics, interviews, and off-the-cuff remarks captured over a lifetime.

Did you know?

FACTS · 22

Little-known facts about William S. Burroughs — origins, oddities, and behind-the-scenes details from a public life.

You wanted to know.

FAQ · 60

Quick answers to the questions readers ask most about William S. Burroughs.

Audited & updated by

Olivia Brooks

Senior Staff Writer & Biography Editor

Olivia has 6 years of experience writing biographical profiles and still approaches every subject like it's the first one. She covers everyone from debut musicians to Hall of Fame athletes to novelists most people have never heard of. She finds something worth reading in all of them. Her drafts tend to come in already clean, which her editor appreciates. She says good writing is just good thinking written down. Hard to argue with that.

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