Charles Édouard Jeanneret Gris.

In 1900, Le Corbusier began training as a painter, engraver, and goldsmith at the École d’Art in La Chaux-de-Fonds. He started studying architecture in 1904. Between 1907 and 1911, he traveled through Europe, working in construction offices. His father was Georges Édouard Jeanneret, and he had a brother, Albert Jeanneret.

Le Corbusier’s Domino system, developed in 1914, used reinforced concrete for multi-story buildings. In 1919, he published the magazine L’Esprit Nouveau and the Manifesto of Purism, and adopted the pseudonym Le Corbusier. In 1922, his Radiant City concept proposed separate traffic routes and large residential units. He published Vers une Architecture in 1923 and co-founded CIAM in 1928. His built works include the Weissenhof Estate in 1927, the Salvation Army night shelter in Paris 1929–1933, and the Swiss House 1930–1932. He designed the Ministry of Education in Rio de Janeiro 1936–1945, the Unité d’habitation in Marseille 1946–1952, Notre-Dame-du-Haut in Ronchamps 1950–1954, and the Carpenter Center at Harvard 1961–1964.

Le Corbusier married Yvonne Gallis in 1930. He had a brother, Albert Jeanneret. His mother was a musician. He was a supporter of the French Vichy government during World War II and returned to Paris in 1943 to found the Association of Designers for Architectural Renewal.

Le Corbusier transformed modern architecture by pioneering reinforced concrete and the machine for living concept. Designs such as the Unité d’habitation and Notre-Dame-du-Haut influenced architects globally. He received the AIA Gold Medal, the Royal Gold Medal, and the Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour. His portrait and work appear on the 10 Swiss franc banknote introduced in 1997. The official photographer for his architectural work was Lucien Hervé. Le Corbusier is remembered as a key figure of 20th-century architecture.